What are the three stages of drowning?

The three stages of drowning are characterized as surprise, struggle, and passiveness. In the initial stage, surprise occurs when a person unexpectedly finds themselves in a situation where they are submerging or unable to breathe. This acute realization can lead to a moment of panic or disbelief.

Following the surprise, the struggle stage begins. During this phase, the individual attempts to fight against the water, which may involve thrashing about and trying to keep their head above water. This struggle consumes a significant amount of energy and can be quite dramatic, but it is also often misunderstood by onlookers who may assume that the person is merely playing or splashing.

As the scenario progresses, if the individual cannot escape the dangerous situation, they enter the passiveness stage. At this point, exhaustion sets in, and the person may surrender to the water, resulting in a complete lack of movement and an inability to call for help. This final stage can be particularly perilous, as it reflects a state where life-threatening drowning is imminent. Understanding these stages is essential for lifeguards and others responsible for water safety, as it enables them to recognize when a person is in distress and take appropriate action.