When should a lifeguard initiate CPR on a child?

A lifeguard should initiate CPR on a child when the child is unresponsive and not breathing normally. This is a critical situation where the child shows no signs of responsiveness, indicating a potential life-threatening condition. The absence of normal breathing suggests that the child's heart may not be functioning properly or that there may be an obstruction in the airway, both of which require immediate intervention to prevent brain damage or death.

In such cases, the lifeguard must act quickly to provide CPR, which can help restore blood flow and maintain oxygenation until emergency medical services arrive. Recognizing the signs of unresponsiveness and inadequate breathing is vital for effective lifesaving actions.

The other situations presented do not warrant immediate CPR. A responsive child who is breathing normally is in a stable condition and does not need CPR. A child playing near the water or one who has just exited the water may be at risk but does not automatically require CPR unless they exhibit signs of distress, unresponsiveness, or abnormal breathing.